Our Journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics. This policy outlines the responsibilities of authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher to ensure integrity, transparency, and accountability in scholarly publishing.

Author Responsibilities
- Originality: Authors must submit only original work. Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification are strictly prohibited.  
- Authorship: Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made a significant contribution to the research. All contributors must be properly acknowledged.  
- Disclosure: Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest that could influence their work.  

Reviewer Responsibilities
- Confidentiality: Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential documents.  
- Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted fairly, without personal bias or discrimination.  
- Conflict of Interest: Reviewers must decline assignments if they have conflicts of interest with the authors or subject matter.  
- Constructive Feedback: Reviewers should provide clear, evidence-based, and constructive comments to improve the manuscript.  

Editorial Responsibilities
- Fair Decisions: Editors evaluate manuscripts based on scholarly merit, originality, and relevance, without discrimination.  
- Confidentiality: Editors must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and reviewer identities.  
- Integrity: Editors must take appropriate action when ethical concerns arise, including corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern.  
- Transparency: Editorial decisions and processes must be clearly communicated to authors.  

Publisher Responsibilities
- The publisher ensures that ethical guidelines are followed throughout the publication process.  
- The publisher supports editors in handling cases of misconduct and ensures that corrections or retractions are issued when necessary.  

Misconduct and Malpractice
The Journal considers the following as serious violations:  
- Plagiarism or self-plagiarism  
- Data fabrication or falsification  
- Duplicate submission or redundant publication  
- Improper authorship practices  
- Undisclosed conflicts of interest  
- Citation manipulation  

Cases of misconduct will be investigated following guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Proven malpractice may result in rejection, retraction, or banning of future submissions.  

Retraction and Correction Policy
- Retractions: Issued when published work is found to be fraudulent, plagiarized, or unethical.  
- Corrections: Issued for honest errors that do not invalidate the work but require clarification.  
- Expressions of Concern: Published when investigations are ongoing but unresolved.