ESTIMATION OF MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME, MEAN CORPUSCULAR HAEMOGLOBIN AND MEAN CORPUSCULAR HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF AQUEOUS PULP EXTRACT OF Raphia hookeri FRUIT IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background:
Gender-based violence is a threat to public health and affects women and girls in different ways and forms. Women and girls around the world are often the targets — either directly or caught in the crossfire of inter-communal violence. They also bear the brunt of economic pressures through displacement, loss of livelihood, and property destruction, or the loss of household breadwinners because of the violence.
This study delved into the investigation of gender-based violence among adolescents in conflict settings of Southern Kaduna, focusing on Zangon-Kataf.
Methodology:
The research utilizes a cross-sectional design with simple random and convenient sampling technique among adolescents who were chosen from secondary schools, community, churches, mosques, and youth clubs at a particular time, providing a snapshot of forms of gender-based violence among adolescents in conflict areas using Zangon-Kataf.
Data were amassed via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS.
Results:
Findings were presented through percentages in tables. Results revealed that a majority of adolescents or respondents reported having experienced GBV at some point in their lives. The findings of this study underscore that while a certain percentage of respondents reported not experiencing GBV in the past year, a significant proportion experienced it rarely, occasionally, or frequently. This suggests that GBV is an ongoing issue in the community, with many individuals experiencing repeated instances of violence.
Furthermore, the study disclosed that the community was identified as the most frequent location for GBV incidents, followed by the workplace and home. In addition, physical violence was cited as the most common form of GBV experienced by male adolescents, while sexual violence was the most prevalent form for female adolescents.
Conclusion:
It is crucial to recognize that gender-based violence not only violates the fundamental human rights of adolescents but also perpetuates harmful gender norms and inequalities. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach involving community engagement, legal reforms, and the provision of comprehensive support services for survivors.
Additionally, addressing gender-based violence among adolescents in conflict settings like Southern Kaduna requires a collective commitment from local and international stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, and the international community.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Here’s your references formatted in APA 7th edition style consistently, based on the details you provided:
Abimbola, A., Adebola, A., & Akinwumi, O. (2018). Overview of plant-based medicinal practices. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 219, 102–114.
Abimbola, O. P., Oluwasogo, D. A., & Adejumoke, I. A. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of Raphia hookeri leaf and epicarp. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 34(6), 2742–2746.
Adams, J. (2010). Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. In R. Becker (Ed.), Essentials of cell biology (Cambridge, MA: NPG Education).
Altiok, S., Temiz, T., & Yesil-Celiktas, O. (2010). The potential of plants for therapeutic properties. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(5), 578–589.
Bain, B. J. (2022). Haematology: A core text with self-assessment. John Wiley & Sons.
Bassey, B. (1985). Morphological and chemical characteristics of developing fruit of Raphia hookeri. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(3), 234–238.
Bassey, G. A. (1985). Anatomical and morphological studies in Raphia hookeri Mann & Wendl. Principes, 29(2), 79–84.
Cappellini, M. D., & Motta, I. (2019). Anaemia in clinical practice—Definition and classification: Does it really matter? Clinical Case Reports, 7(12), 2152–2156.
Dzierzak, E., & Philipsen, S. (2013). Erythropoiesis: Development and differentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 3, a011601. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a011601
Erukainure, O. L., Salau, V. F., Atolani, O., et al. (2021). L-leucine stimulation of glucose uptake and homeostasis in isolated rat psoas muscle ex vivo. Amino Acids, 53, 1135–1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03021-8
Egbono, F. F., Mene, A. E., & Nwiko, K. M. (2023). The effect of prolonged consumption of aqueous extract of Raphia hookeri pulp fruit on selected immune parameters in male and female Wistar rats. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT), 3(1).
Egbono, F. F., Obomanu-Tamunotonjo, R., Ogbonna, U. N., & Nwiko, K. M. (2023). Regular consumption of aqueous pulp extract of Raphia hookeri fruit on plasma lipid profile of male and female Wistar rats. Global Scientific Journals, 11(6).
Egbono, E., Ogbuagu, E., & Ufot, C. (2023). Therapeutic effects of Raphia hookeri fruit pulp on lipid profile and blood health. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 17(2), 101–109.
Goddard, A. F., McIntyre, A. S., & Walker, J. (2011). Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut, 60(10), 1309–1316.
Greco, E. (2005). Vitamin E and vitamin C as antioxidants in sperm DNA protection and fertility improvement. Fertility and Sterility, 83(6), 1537–1543.
Gruca, M., van Andel, T., & Balslev, H. (2015). Ritual uses of palms in traditional medicine in sub-Saharan Africa: A review. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 11, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0037-6
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2011). Textbook of medical physiology (12th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
Harrison, P., & Keeling, D. (2005). The clinical significance of platelet count. Blood Reviews, 19(2), 71–83.
Hebbel, R. P., Eaton, J. W., Balasingam, M., & Steinberg, M. H. (1982). Spontaneous oxygen radical generation by sickle erythrocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 70, 1253–1259. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110724
Hill, V. L., Simpson, V. Z., Higgins, J. M., Hu, Z., Stevens, R. A., Metcalf, J. A., & Baseler, M. (2017). Evaluation of the performance of the Sysmex XT-2000i hematology analyzer with whole blood stored at room temperature. Laboratory Medicine, 40(12), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1309/T0FJYP2RBXEHX4
Hoffbrand, A. V., & Moss, P. A. H. (2011). Essential haematology (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Hoffman, M., & Monroe, D. M. (2001). A cell-based model of hemostasis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 85(6), 958–965.
Hutchison, J., Dalziel, J. M., & Keay, R. W. J. (1993). Raphia hookeri. In Flora of West Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Janz, T. G., Johnson, R. L., & Rubenstein, S. D. (2013). Anaemia in the emergency department: Evaluation and treatment. Emergency Medicine Practice, 15(11), 1–15.
Keay, R. W. J., & Hepper, F. N. (1953). Raphia hookeri. In Flora of West Tropical Africa (Vol. 2, pp. 104–107). Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
Kjeldsberg, C. R., & Perkins, S. L. (2010). Practical diagnosis of hematologic disorders (5th ed.). ASCP Press.
Liu, R. H. (2004). Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: Mechanism of action. Journal of Nutrition, 134(12), 3479S–3485S.
Liu, Q. (2004). Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Raphia hookeri. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2(1), 45–56.
Look, A. T. (1997). Oncogenic transcription factors in the human acute leukemias. Science, 278(5340), 1059–1064.
Loscalzo, J., Fauci, A. S., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., & Jameson, J. L. (2022). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (21st ed.). McGraw Hill.
Mbaka, G. O., Owolabi, M. A., Hassan, S. W., Oyewale, A. O., & Tchimene, M. K. (2012). Evaluation of the ameliorative effects of Raphia hookeri pulp extract on cisplatin-induced oxidative and nephrotoxicity in rats. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 27(1), 11–15.
Mefouet Abessolo, D. D., Abogo Mebale, A. J., Nsi Akue, G., Allogho Mve, J., Massimba Dibama, H., & Ondo, J. A. (2021). Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the seeds of Cucumeropsis edulis (Cucurbitaceae) from Momo in Gabon. International Journal of Advanced Research, 9(3), 827–831.
Mondal, H., & Budh, D. P. (2020). Hematocrit (HCT). PubMed. PMID 31194416.
Nah, E. H., Kim, S., Cho, S., & Cho, H. I. (2018). Complete blood count reference intervals and patterns of changes across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages in Korea. Annals of Laboratory Medicine, 38(6), 503–511. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2018.38.6.503
Ndon, B. A. (2003). The Raphia palm (1st ed.). Concept Publications Ltd.
Ndon, B. A. (2003). Economic and ecological value of Raphia palms. African Journal of Ecology, 21(1), 31–39.
Ngatchoua Noubanguea, V. R., Ngangoumb, E. S., Tonfack Djikenga, F., Doungue Tsafack, H., & Womenic, H. M. (2020). Physico-chemical properties of Raphia fruit (Raphia hookeri) pulp from Cameroon. Journal of Food Stability, 3(2), 59–69.
Nunn, J. F. (2000). Nunn's applied respiratory physiology (5th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ogbuagu, M. N. (2008). Phytochemical and toxicological evaluations of Raphia hookeri pulp. Journal of Pharmacognosy, 12(2), 110–115.
Oluwaniyi, O., Awolola, G., & Odukoya, O. (2014). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Raphia hookeri fruits. International Journal of Plant Science, 3(4), 234–240.
Oluwaniyi, O. O., Odebunmi, E. O., & Owolabi, C. O. (2014). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals of Raphia hookeri and Raphia farinifera fruits. Science Focus, 19(1), 28–33.
Oluwaniyi, O. O., Odebunmi, E. O., & Owolabi, C. O. (2014). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of Raphia hookeri leaf and epicarp. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 34(6), 2742–2746.
Pappan, N., & Rehman, A. (2021). Dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Rifkind, D., & Cohen, A. S. (2002). The Pediatric Abacus. Informa Healthcare.
Rodak, B. F., Fritsma, G. A., & Doig, K. (2016). Hematology: Clinical principles and applications. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Rumbaut, R. E., & Thiagarajan, P. (2010). Platelet-vessel wall interactions in haemostasis and thrombosis; Chapter 2, General characteristics of platelets. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences.
Smith, R. E. (2010). The clinical and economic burden of anaemia. The American Journal of Managed Care, 16(Suppl), S59–S66.
Tao, J., et al. (2019). Vitamin C, platelet function, and cardiovascular health. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 63, 1–10.
Tao, Y., Jiang, Q., Yang, J., & Wu, W. (2019). Oxidative stress and its role in platelet function. Cardiovascular Research, 115(3), 521–533.
Vaile, E. (2022). Raphia hookeri. https://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Raphia_hookeri
Wikipedia. (2024). Raphia hookeri. https://www.wikipedia.org